Detonation of nitroglycerin generates gases that would occupy more than. Nitromethane may also be released into air and wastewater during manufacture of royal demolition explosive rdx and high melting explosive hmx, which are widely used in the military. Distributed quarterly to all members of the institute of explosives engineers. The following is a list of documents describing methods for determining the flash point of. Regulations northern ireland 2014 came into force on 2 september 2014. A nitroburning engine and a top fuel engine are the same thing engines designed to burn nitromethane rather than gasoline.
Angus technical data sheet nitromethane nm ch 3 no 2 cas reg. Most explosives are used in 2, 3, or 4step trains that are shown schematically in figure. The second is through the use of intrinsically insensitive energetic ingredients such as 1,3,5triamino2,4,6trinitrobenzene tatb, which is stabilised by extensive intramolecular and. It does not form explosive mixtures with air at room temperature and below, when unconfined. Nitromethane is an efficient nitrogen donor, which makes it a highly functional. In a simulated city driving study, estimated concentrations of nitromethane in motor vehicle exhaust ranged from. Its chemical structure consists of four nitro groups attached to one carbon atom. The book focuses on the study of the conception, explosion mechanism, properties and preparation of liquid explosives. Nitromethane definition is a liquid nitroparaffin ch3no2 that is used as an industrial solvent, in chemical synthesis, and as a fuel for rockets and highperformance engines. In 1857 it was first synthesised by the reaction of sodium cyanoacetamide with nitric acid. It is very likely that such a solution would result in a cap sensitive mixture when soaked into dried nh4no3 or nh4clo4. Tetranitromethane or tnm is an organic oxidizer with chemical formula cno 2 4. It seems unnecessary to define an explosion, for everyone knows what it isa loud noise and the sudden going away of things from the place where they have been. Manual of tests and criteria according to the following table.
Regulation on the handling of explosives precursors. In many explosives the velocity of detonation is a function of the radius of the charge. An explosive substance is a solid or liquid substance or mixture of substances which. Introduction to explosives and propellants part of the text from parti of this chapter has been presented.
Around 500 alphabetically ordered, monographic entries consider the physicochemical properties, production methods and safe applications of over 120 explosive chemicals, while discussing 70 fuels, additives and oxidizing agents and describing the. It has become fairly well known over the last few years that a simple and powerful high explosive can be made by pouring liquid nitromethane into powdered ammonium nitrate or by adding various liquid sensitizers to nitromethane. Chapter i properties of explosives an explosive is a. Uvadare digital academic repository chemical profiling. Detonation in mixtures of nitromethane with methanol as an. As a result of the article, i made a mental note of the possible future uses of nitromethane, but did nothing else. An improvised explosive device ied attack is the use of a homemade bomb andor destructive device to destroy, incapacitate, harass, or distract. Most of us imagine them as solids, like gunpowder or c4. One way to describe secondary explosives is that they include materials that can be initiated, i. Nitromethane vapor has a lower explosive limit of 7. File this change sheet in front of the publication for reference purposes. Nitromethane has been detected in air, surface water, and drinking water ntp 1997, iarc 2000. Ninan high energy oxidisers fcir advanced solid propellants and explosives advances in solid propellant technology, p1.
Other amine compounds can be used instead of ethylene diamine, such as triethylene tetramine or ethanolamine, but eda has been found to be most effective. Nitromethane definition of nitromethane by merriamwebster. It is an explosive ingredient in dynamite 2040% with ethylene glycol dinitrate 8060%. It is a slightly viscous, highly polar liquid commonly used as a solvent in a. With few exceptions, denser explosives give higher detonation velocities and pressures. It is more potent than acetone on super glue and much much less volatile, so it would stay where i put it. Interest in the chlorates and perchlorates salts of chloric or perchloric acid as a base for explosives dates back to 1788. Plx, or picatinny liquid explosive, is a liquid binary explosive, a mixture of 95% nitromethane nm along with 5% ethylene diamine eda as a sensitizer. The stability of the raw state is precisely the reason that nitrogen is often found in explosives. This phenomenon is explained according to jones7 and eyring.
Almost seven years of core data on improvised explosive devices. Tertiary explosives, or blasting agents, can be described as products that can be initiated by the use of a booster, which is a charge of a secondary explosive. Nitromethane is used in a number of products, including fuels, explosives, solvents, preservatives, and pharmaceuticals. Always in the forefront of innovation, eurenco develops and produces nto, a very low sensitivity molecule for insensitive explosive compositions available in all standard particle sizes, and specific ones on request, nto presents the advantages of high performance explosives, with lower. Marketing and use of explosives precursors in northern. Cole and 2002 bali nightclub bombings recommended in alqaedas traditional curriculum of explosives training. Ghosh, highly selective detection of nitro explosives by a luminescent metalorganic framework, angewandte chemie international edition, vol. Density is an important consideration when choosing an explosive. Explosives users in the mining, quarry, construction, pipeline and geophysical exploration industries know that dyno nobel, a global leader in commercial explosives, delivers groundbreaking performance through practical innovation by focusing on safety and continuous improvement. Nitroglycerin was invented in 1847, and its made by adding acids to glycerin. Sciencemadness discussion board plx type explosives. Nitromethaneeverybody knows its there, but few, it.
Nitromethane is a little like gasoline that has been premixed with nitrous oxide. But youve probably heard of one liquid explosive already nitroglycerin. It is a polar liquid commonly used as a solvent in a variety of industrial applications such as in extractions, as a reaction medium, and as a cleaning solvent. Dogs canbetrainedon explosives in ordertodetectthematan explosionincident sensitivity. Properties of explosives definition an explosive is a material, cither a pure single substance or a mixture of substances, which is capable of producing an explosion by its own energy. Anfo and waterbased explosives such as water gels and emulsions are more difficult to ignite in the open. In confined spaces, burning may lead to detonation. Pure nitrogen gas exists as molecules consisting of two nitrogen atoms, and is written as n 2.
The list covers not only explosives, but also blasting agents and detonators, all of. Nitromethane is an organic compound with the chemical formula ch 3 no 2. Many plants were built in europe and the united states for the manufacture of this type of explosive, mostly using potassium chlorate, but so far as can be determined, all of. I need some nitromethane to use as a solvent for removing cured cyanoacrylate adhesive. This is a very stable compound the n 2 molecule has a triple bond. Plx is a fairly powerful high explosive, marginally exceeding the destructive yield of tnt. Some commercial explosives with high fuel content may readily ignite and burn. The general population may be exposed by inhalation of nitromethane in motor vehicle exhaust and cigarette smoke. In forensic casework, military explosives are often encountered as grenades or plastic explosives.
Another class of explosives is the homemade explosives. Commander, us army armament, munitions and chemical. Many people dont think of explosives as liquids, though. The simple removal of a tree stump might be done with a 2step train made up of an electric blasting cap and a stick of dynamite.
This worldfamous work has been enlarged and updated without tampering with its tried and tested format. Pdf release of explosives originated nitrogen from the. Recommended methods for the purification of solvents and tests for impurities. It is based on an ammonium nitrate solution, densely dispersed in a continuous oil phase, emulgator and other ingredients. Nitroglycerin, with the molecular formula c 3 h 5 ono 2 3, has a high nitrogen content 18. Maximum groundlevel concentrations of nitromethane in air at three locations on the boundary of an ammunition plant were 0. Were going over what you need to know about nitromethane, the biggest poweradder for racing, this month. Gasoline is a hydrocarbon, and the common chemical formula for gasoline is c 8 h 18. Because access to military and civil explosives is restricted, improvised explosive devices ieds are often constructed using more readily available materials. Exploding nitromethane in silico, in real time eudes eterno fileti,1 vitaly v.
Nitro explosive article about nitro explosive by the. Introduction to explosives for official use only c4. Prescribed by the norwegian directorate for civil protection 2 june 2015 with statutory authority in. Reported detection limits range from tens of parts per billion to tens of parts per trillion for compounds related to illegal drugs methyl benzoate johnston, 1999, explosives nitroglycerine. Us5140908 nitromethane and picric acid liquid explosive. Explosives dealers and users guide to federal explosives regulation. For free running explosives, the density is often specified as the pounds of explosives per foot of charge length in a given size borehole. What is top fuel and how is it different from gasoline. Explosives engineering home institute of explosives. Last updated on sun, 02 jun 2019 expedient weapons. Dod contractors safety manual for ammunition and explosives. Nitromethane nm or ch3no2 has a wide range of applications as a detonating homogeneous liquid explosive. Standard nitromethane ch3no2 becomes dinitromethane when. Where can i get a small amount of pure nitromethane.
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